A aroeira-do-sertão (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.) é espécie arbórea que apresenta grande valor econômico devido às propriedades químicas da casca com elevado teor de taninos. Em decorrência da exploração predatória encontra-se inserida na lista oficial de espécies da flora brasileira ameaçadas de extinção na categoria vulnerável. A micropropagação vem sendo colocada como importante forma de multiplicação dessa espécie, na busca de alternativa para a exploração sustentável. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de induzir calos a partir de segmentos foliares usando 2,4-D e caracterizá-los quanto aos aspectos morfológicos e bioquímicos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que é possível induzir calos a partir de segmentos foliares de aroeira-do-sertão utilizando-se 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D). Os calos obtidos foram compactos e não-embriogênicos, apresentando valores médios de 43,32 mg g-1 de açúcares solúveis totais; 23,62 mg g-1 de açúcares redutores; 3,157 mg g-1 de proteína total; 3,147 mg g-1 de aminoácidos livres e 0,914 mg g-1 de compostos fenólicos totais na matéria fresca.

"Aroeira-do-sertão" (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.) is a tree species that has great economic value due to the chemical properties of its bark, which has high tannin content. On account of the predatory exploitation it has been placed in the official list of threatened species of the Brazilian flora, in the vulnerable category. Micropropagation has been considered an important form of multiplication of this species in the search for an alternative for its sustainable exploitation. This study was conducted with the aim of inducing callus from leaf segments using 2,4-D and characterizing them according to their morphological and biochemical aspects. The obtained results indicate that it is possible to induce callus from leaf segments of M. urundeuva using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D). The obtained calluses were compact and non-embryogenic, with average values of 43.32 mg g-1 total soluble sugars, 23.62 mg g-1 reducing sugars, 3.157 mg g-1 total protein, 3.147 mg g-1 free-form amino acids and 0.914 mg g-1 phenolic compounds in the fresh matter.

Objective: The aim of this article was to describe death rates and years of life lost prematurely (YLLP) in relation to alcohol consumption in the Canary Islands. The study covered the period between 1980 and 1998. Methods: Deaths from 1980 to 1998 were classified by age, sex, and cause using data obtained from the National Institute of Statistics (Natural Changes in the Population). The number of alcohol-related deaths was calculated by year, sex, and age group using the attributable population fraction as proposed by the Centers for Disease Control (USA). The YLLP attributed to alcohol consumption were calculated for each cause of death by multiplying deaths by the attributable population fraction in 5-yearly age groups for both sexes (average span of five years), up to the age of 65 years. Results: Between 1980 and 1998, the number of alcohol-related deaths was 12,614, averaging 6.4% per year and with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 2:1. The main causes of death and YLLP in both men and women were malignant neoplasms, diseases of the digestive system, and alcohol-related accidents, although accidents were by far the main cause producing 50.6% of alcohol-related YLLP in men and 55.5% in women. Over the study period, the incidence of cirrhosis of the liver and that of other chronic liver diseases (CIE 571) decreased in men whilst remaining stable in women. Conclusions: The finding that the percentage of alcohol-related deaths and cirrhosis of the liver remained high in the Islas Canarias between 1980 and 1998 highlights the need for educational strategies on the effects of alcohol, together with policies designed to reduce its consumption, particularly among the young.

Objetivo: Describir la mortalidad y los años de vida perdidos prematuramente (AVPP) relacionados con el alcohol en las Islas Canarias durante el período 1980-1998. Métodos: Las defunciones por edad, sexo y causa desde 1980 a 1998 se obtuvieron del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Movimiento Natural de la Población). Se calculó la proporción de muertes relacionadas con el alcohol para cada año, sexo y grupo de edad a partir de la fracción atribuible poblacional propuesta por los Centers for Disease Control (Estados Unidos). Para cada categoría diagnóstica, los años de vida perdidos prematuramente relacionados con el alcohol fueron calculados multiplicando las defunciones por la fracción poblacional en grupos quinquenales de edad para ambos sexos hasta la edad de 65 años. Resultados: Durante el período 1980-1998, el número de fallecimientos por causas relacionadas con el alcohol fue de 12.614, con un promedio del 6,4% anual y una razón varón/mujer de aproximadamente 2:1. Las neoplasias malignas, las enfermedades digestivas y los accidentes no intencionales relacionados con el alcohol presentan las mayores tasas de mortalidad y de AVPP tanto en varones como en mujeres; en particular, los accidentes no intencionales generan AVPP por encima de las otras causas, lo que supone el 50,6% del total de AVPP por causas relacionadas con el alcohol en varones y el 55,5% en mujeres. Durante el período de estudio, la cirrosis hepáticas y otras enfermedades crónicas del hígado (CIE 571) van decreciendo paulatinamente en los varones y se mantienen en las mujeres. Conclusiones: En el ámbito y período de estudio (Islas Canarias, 1980-1998), se ha observado que el porcentaje de fallecidos por causas relacionadas con el alcohol es elevado, incluyendo la mortalidad por cirrosis hepática. Por tanto, sería necesario potenciar el desarrollo de estrategias educativas y otras dirigidas para controlar su consumo, sobre todo en los jóvenes.

Objective: The aim of this article was to describe death rates and years of life lost prematurely (YLLP) in relation to alcohol consumption in the Canary Islands. The study covered the period between 1980 and 1998. Methods: Deaths from 1980 to 1998 were classified by age, sex, and cause using data obtained from the National Institute of Statistics (Natural Changes in the Population). The number of alcohol-related deaths was calculated by year, sex, and age group using the attributable population fraction as proposed by the Centers for Disease Control (USA). The YLLP attributed to alcohol consumption were calculated for each cause of death by multiplying deaths by the attributable population fraction in 5-yearly age groups for both sexes (average span of five years), up to the age of 65 years. Results: Between 1980 and 1998, the number of alcohol-related deaths was 12,614, averaging 6.4% per year and with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 2:1. The main causes of death and YLLP in both men and women were malignant neoplasms, diseases of the digestive system, and alcohol-related accidents, although accidents were by far the main cause producing 50.6% of alcohol-related YLLP in men and 55.5% in women. Over the study period, the incidence of cirrhosis of the liver and that of other chronic liver diseases (CIE 571) decreased in men whilst remaining stable in women. Conclusions: The finding that the percentage of alcohol-related deaths and cirrhosis of the liver remained high in the Islas Canarias between 1980 and 1998 highlights the need for educational strategies on the effects of alcohol, together with policies designed to reduce its consumption, particularly among the young.

Objetivo: Describir la mortalidad y los años de vida perdidos prematuramente (AVPP) relacionados con el alcohol en las Islas Canarias durante el período 1980-1998. Métodos: Las defunciones por edad, sexo y causa desde 1980 a 1998 se obtuvieron del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Movimiento Natural de la Población). Se calculó la proporción de muertes relacionadas con el alcohol para cada año, sexo y grupo de edad a partir de la fracción atribuible poblacional propuesta por los Centers for Disease Control (Estados Unidos). Para cada categoría diagnóstica, los años de vida perdidos prematuramente relacionados con el alcohol fueron calculados multiplicando las defunciones por la fracción poblacional en grupos quinquenales de edad para ambos sexos hasta la edad de 65 años. Resultados: Durante el período 1980-1998, el número de fallecimientos por causas relacionadas con el alcohol fue de 12.614, con un promedio del 6,4% anual y una razón varón/mujer de aproximadamente 2:1. Las neoplasias malignas, las enfermedades digestivas y los accidentes no intencionales relacionados con el alcohol presentan las mayores tasas de mortalidad y de AVPP tanto en varones como en mujeres; en particular, los accidentes no intencionales generan AVPP por encima de las otras causas, lo que supone el 50,6% del total de AVPP por causas relacionadas con el alcohol en varones y el 55,5% en mujeres. Durante el período de estudio, la cirrosis hepáticas y otras enfermedades crónicas del hígado (CIE 571) van decreciendo paulatinamente en los varones y se mantienen en las mujeres. Conclusiones: En el ámbito y período de estudio (Islas Canarias, 1980-1998), se ha observado que el porcentaje de fallecidos por causas relacionadas con el alcohol es elevado, incluyendo la mortalidad por cirrosis hepática. Por tanto, sería necesario potenciar el desarrollo de estrategias educativas y otras dirigidas para controlar su consumo, sobre todo en los jóvenes.